On the Founding Moment

This chapter examines the founding moment in Indonesia and analyzes how it shapes current constitutional politics in the country. It argues that the distinct founding moment occurred in the early 1950s when Indonesians succeeded in establishing a foundation for a just republic. During this time, political parties alternated in governance, with no single force dominating the political landscape. Citizen participation in politics was notably high through these parties. The 1950s also featured a strong respect for the rule of law and a commitment to democratic principles. Unfortunately, this solid foundation for a thriving republic was destroyed when Soekarno declared guided democracy. Concurrently, the military’s role in politics gradually expanded, ultimately leading to General Soeharto’s rise to power.