The historic event

In this chapter consideration is given to the work of a number of researchers, some of whom may be familiar to the reader while the theorizing of others is less well-recognized in the field of child development. While they represent a diversity of scientific disciplines, underpinning their writing is an emphasis on placing development in its given time and place. A common theme is that reality is in constant flux and should be contextualized to be best understood. The bedrock of contextualism is functionalism, emphasizing that every mental state has a function and purpose. Contextualism has added to this outlook, with William James, Charles Peirce and John Dewey all contributing insights. Margaret Mead’s cross-cultural research added depth and richness, while Urie Bronfenbrenner highlighted the bi-directional and responsive nature of human development. Finally, the chapter turns to a consideration of development across the lifespan.