South Korea–Taiwan Relations

This chapter explores a puzzle in South Korea&s;s (Republic of Korea, ROK ) approach to the Taiwan issue: why has Seoul adopted new rhetoric emphasizing peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, yet stopped short of translating these words into action? Beginning with the 2021 US– ROK joint statement, the Moon administration broke precedent by referencing the Taiwan Strait, a pattern that has become more pronounced under President Yoon Suk-yeol. These rhetorical shifts suggest growing alignment with the United States in the context of US–China rivalry, rising recognition of the strait&s;s strategic importance, and heightened concerns about China&s;s regional assertiveness. Yet, South Korea continues to avoid security commitments or meaningful political engagement with Taiwan, reflecting enduring constraints shaped by dependence on China and its overriding focus on North Korea. By analyzing the ROK &s;s relations with the United States, China, and Taiwan, the chapter explains how Seoul&s;s rhetorical departure coexists with policy continuity. In doing so, it illuminates how South Korea manages the tension between alliance solidarity, economic vulnerability, and regional security imperatives.