Rigor in Qualitative Research

Achieving rigor using selected criteria to determine trustworthiness using qualitative methods has been without critical evaluation. In this article, strategies such as prolonged engagement and thick, rich description; negative case analysis; peer review or briefing; clarifying researcher bias; member checking; and investigator triangulation and intercoder reliability are evaluated for appropriateness among underrepresented populations. Achieving rigor using qualitative methods is time-intensive requiring attention to quality versus quantity of time spent in interviews, building trusting relationships, an awareness of interviewer bias and assumptions, and appropriately evaluated strategies that enhance validity. Strategies to achieve rigor in qualitative methods should not be used as a one-size-fits-all approach as this practice might actually diminish rigor. Among underrepresented populations, strategies should be adapted or not used at all.