Paradiplomacy in Mexico

This chapter analyzes the evolution of paradiplomacy by Mexican subnational governments (32 states and nearly 2,500 local governments) between 2000 and 2025. It seeks to answer the following four questions: (1) What are the legal and institutional bases of paradiplomacy in Mexico? (2) How has paradiplomacy evolved in the country between 2000 and 2025? (3) What are the most important factors that explain the enormous variation in paradiplomacy between Mexican SNGs? (4) What is the future of paradiplomacy in Mexico? The chapter is divided into three sections. The first one presents the constitutional and legal framework regarding paradiplomacy in Mexico. The second analyzes the evolution of paradiplomacy in the country in the last 25 years. The third section discusses the future of Mexican paradiplomacy. Finally, the conclusions present the most important findings of the chapter.