Identifying ‘integration’ for the purposes of the EU free movement, labour, and social law fields

Chapter 8 brings the ‘integrated worker’ framework developed within the EU competition law context into other areas of EU law. After explaining the grounds for transposition, the chapter examines in which other areas of EU law the ‘integration’ paradigm can be used to help judges, regulators, and interested parties classify modern-day workers. It then demonstrates the benefits of using this paradigm in the EU labour and social law contexts. To better illustrate the advantages of this approach, the proposed framework is applied to the facts of the recently decided cases of Yodel and Uber to show how they would have been decided had the proposed framework been used.