Introduction

This chapter explores transgender identity by distinguishing it from sexual orientation and biological sex. It traces the genealogy of transgender assertion, from global visibility movements beginning with the Stonewall Riots to national Pride events in India. The discussion investigates the origins of the terms ‘transgender’ and ‘ hijra ,’ contextualizing their evolving meanings within the Indian context. Drawing on extensive literature, it also explores the historical continuity of gender diversity, from cosmogenic and scriptural narratives to their institutionalization in Mughal courts, highlighting the layered historicity of trans existence, foregrounding the colonial gaze on transgender identities.