Introduction

This book discusses an attachment perspective of seven models of spiritual intervention. These models present as lay minister-driven pastoral care approaches commonly used in Christianity and Judaism. Clergy from diverse religious backgrounds might consider referring congregants to these models, depending on their spiritual need. The book is divided into two parts. The first focuses on models conducted by lay ministers, while the second focuses on models conducted by licensed professionals. Each chapter provides an overview of each model, which includes a clinical illustration, description, history of the model's origins, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and training requirements. The author also provides a critique of each model using attachment theory, which holds that all human beings develop close emotional bonds with stronger and wiser caregivers who can protect them from life-threatening events and provide them with comfort and a feeling of security. Each chapter asks how each model of spiritual intervention promotes or hinders the participant's feeling of attachment security to caregivers and to a Higher Power. Finally, the author also compares similar models of spiritual intervention—for example, examining the similarities and differences between Spiritual Direction and Stephen Ministry and the relative suitability of each model for referral.