Safe spaces, hostile spaces

This chapter explores spaces, places, or contexts in which those interviewed indicated they would anticipate discomfort as a member of the LGBTQIA+ community. When respondents were asked about specific cues they use (spaces, people, locations, body language, symbols) that provide contextual cues for safety, it was notable how clearly responses crystallized around similar themes. The two most common physical spaces that individuals mentioned were churches/religious spaces and alpha-male spaces. These spaces were repeatedly identified as places of caution and sometimes fear or avoidance. The specific concerns about churches varied widely and reveal complex reflections on faith and identity. Alpha-male spaces referred to any spaces where hegemonic masculinity (Connolly & Messerschmidt, 2007) was performed, rewarded, and expected. These spaces ranged from certain types of bars to sporting events and fraternity row. These were spaces not only of discomfort, but often fear. On a smaller scale, the importance of symbols as both warnings (Confederate flags) and signs of welcome (rainbow flags) is put into the context of navigating society and balancing exposure and disclosure. Finally, there is a discussion of how individuals navigating potentially hostile spaces employ verbal and nonverbal adjustments as important tools of both maintaining personal safety and gathering information about people and spaces to determine the risks of exposure and disclosure.