What is neurodiversity?

This chapter provides an overview of neurodiversity – an umbrella term including conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism – and how they are perceived by society. There is an overview of the different lenses through which people see neurodiversity, including a historical perspective in which those with neurodivergent differences have been considered “less than”. Alternatives to the so-called “medical model” of neurodiversity are considered, specifically the social model, which considers how society inadvertently disables people by creating environments and systems that fail to serve cognitive diversity. Consideration is also given to newer models, such as the Biopsychosocial Model (BPSM). Common neurodivergent diagnoses are reviewed, looking at prevalence, co-occurrences, common traits, and the strengths and difficulties they may confer in the workplace. Using reflective exercises, the biases, myths and assumptions that the reader might associate with each of these common conditions is challenged. The multiple disadvantages or intersectionalities that neurodivergent individuals can face are also reviewed, taking into account how they might play out in terms of discrimination. Having completed this chapter, readers will have the opportunity to review their knowledge and assumptions around neurodiversity, and can start thinking about the impact on relationships with co-workers.