Western Balkans on the Path to the EU

Judicial reforms in the Western Balkans have been ongoing for over 20 years, marked by the adoption of strategic policies aimed at enhancing judicial efficiency and integrity. Key measures include the establishment of new judicial bodies, transferring governance powers from the executive to judicial councils, introducing professions like notaries and bailiffs, optimizing court networks, and refining the appointment process for judges and prosecutors. Despite these efforts, trust in the judiciary remains low, and international rankings reveal significant concerns about the effectiveness of reforms. This chapter analyzes and compares judicial reform outcomes in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, focusing on three critical areas: efficiency, access, and independence of the judiciary. It seeks to determine whether these countries have achieved alignment with EU judicial standards and identifies further steps needed for improvement. By examining national efforts, achievements, and persistent challenges, the impact of reforms is evaluated. The chapter also highlights the interplay between regional reform efforts and EU requirements, providing a nuanced understanding of how these dynamics influence the region’s integration into the European Union. Furthermore, it provides insights into the progress made, the obstacles that remain, and the reforms necessary to achieve a judicial system that meets European standards.