Geriatric Rehabilitation

Geriatric rehabilitation for cognitive impairments associated with aging has become more imperative as worldwide life expectancy increases, and more patients present with some degree of cognitive impairment. It is important to have an integrative perspective on normal versus pathological aging processes, describing the neurobiological basis and typical clinical presentations of cognitive impairments in older adults. Here, we shall be addressing different assessment processes in relation to the distinct challenges presented by comorbidities and sensory losses, ranging from screening measures to neuropsychological testing. The underlying principles of geriatric rehabilitation also emphasize multidisciplinary team-based care, culturally responsive practices, and individualized care planning (personalized medicine). Evidence-based treatments shall also be thoroughly explored, with a specific focus being given to cognitive training, physical activity, and psychosocial intervention. The possible role of new technologies, such as telerehabilitation, wearable technology, and virtual reality-based applications, will also be addressed to demonstrate how remote and immersion therapies can lead to increased accessibility and efficacy of care for the geriatric population. Considering the critical role played by family and caregivers in supporting older adults, the chapter highlights strategies for mitigating caregiver burden and creating a supportive environment. Ethical, cultural, and policy reasons are additional justifications for ensuring adequate access to resources and respecting the autonomy of geriatric patients. Through review of existing measures of outcome, pitfalls in study design, and emergent trends for neurocognitive rehabilitation, the chapter presents an integrated perspective from clinicians, researchers, and policymakers.