The Karenina Effect in Doctoral Education

Isolation is considered one of the typical challenges doctoral students face during their journey. Factors such as the individualised nature of doctoral work, relocation for international students, remote study environments, and the impacts of COVID-19 contribute to these challenges. This mixed-methods study examines the role of connectedness and satisfaction in shaping the higher degree by research student experience at an Australian university. Quantitative survey data (n = 443) were used to explore patterns of connectedness and satisfaction, while qualitative analysis of open-ended responses (n = 141) provided deeper insights into students’ perceptions of disconnection. Students were categorised into four groups based on levels of connectedness and satisfaction, revealing significant differences in their concerns. This study highlights the intersectionality between connectedness and satisfaction, offering empirical evidence for the need to design more targeted community-building initiatives to support graduate students.