Iceland and the word

The chapter explores the relationship between language, literature, and nationalism in shaping the Icelandic national identity. It emphasises how the ancient Icelandic sagas helped solidify the historical continuity of the Icelandic nation, particularly during its struggle for independence from Denmark. By examining the historical context of the sagas and the significance of the Old Icelandic language, the chapter demonstrates how these cultural artefacts laid the groundwork for nationalist ideology. The sagas provided evidence of a rich literary tradition that challenged stereotypes portraying Icelanders as primitive and incapable of leading an independent state. Instead, they fostered a sense of intellectual sophistication and cultural continuity. The chapter argues that since the nineteenth century, this literary heritage has become a central symbol of Icelandic identity, underscoring the importance of the Icelandic language and sagas in uniting the nation and shaping its modern literary landscape. It also highlights that, while archaeology has been seen as less influential in national discourse, the enduring legacy of Icelandic literature and language is essential in understanding Icelandic nationalism and identity formation. This chapter serves as a theoretical introduction to case studies that follow.