The play of infants and toddlers

This chapter examines the play of infants and toddlers. It describes early play behaviors—circular reactions, in which infants move their bodies or act on objects and then repeat these actions because they cause interesting results. The exploration of people and objects in infancy is also discussed. The chapter reviews early motor play, social interactions with peers or siblings, and the emergence of simple pretense, in which toddlers engage in make-believe actions using toys or household items. How infant and toddler play is affected by disabilities is examined, including common play limitations of those who are blind, are hard of hearing, with Down syndrome, or have a likelihood of an autism diagnosis. Variations in play with parents or other family members due to disabilities are described. Strategies for supporting the play of infants and toddlers with disabilities, including adult play interactions and the provision of engaging space, equipment, and toys are presented. The distinct play styles of infants and toddlers of diverse cultures are profiled. How these play differences are influenced by parenting beliefs and practices and the social and physical environment of the home are considered. Recommendations are offered for teachers to support the play of infants and toddlers and to communicate with families in order to understand play needs and preferences of individual children.