Extractivism and Resource Nationalism

In the era of green energy transition and electromobility, a new wave of resource nationalism is extending worldwide on the threshold of the following commodity super-cycle. For Latin American resource-rich developing countries, a renewed developmental resource nationalism could be a window of opportunity for overcoming extractivism and achieving the long-awaited economic and socio-ecological transformation. The argument of this chapter defends that maximization and centralization of rents (the flagships of developmental resource nationalism) could be used by entrepreneurial and environmental States (the new attributes of the developmental State of progressive governments) to gain fiscal and policy space to promote a cleaner structural change, export diversification and social inclusion from the standpoint of green extractivism cum a fairer and more balanced energy transition.