Theories, models, and frameworks in coaching and therapy

This chapter explores the theoretical foundations that underpin both therapy and coaching, examining their shared roots and distinct applications. It outlines how major psychological theories – cognitive behavioural, psychodynamic, humanistic, and positive psychology – inform coaching practice and how therapists can adapt familiar frameworks within a forward-focused, developmental paradigm. Coaching-specific models such as GROW, solution-focused coaching, and transformational approaches are also introduced, alongside a discussion of how these tools align with coaching’s goals and ethos. Emphasis is placed on the need for theoretical clarity, ethical application, and congruence with one’s professional identity. The chapter advocates for a pluralistic stance, enabling therapists to draw upon existing knowledge while developing a coaching mindset. Through comparison, practical examples, and case studies, it offers a nuanced guide to selecting, adapting, and integrating theory to support effective, ethical coaching. It helps therapists reorient their thinking without discarding the depth and rigour of their clinical training.