General conclusion

The conclusion begins by reviewing the findings from various chapters. It then examines how precariousness particularly affects certain groups of workers: women, the elderly, the young, and migrants. These categories serve as a test for the validity of the conclusions. We revisit these groups because they demonstrate that, although progress has been made in social protection systems alongside rapid economic growth, they also reveal significant mechanisms of precarity reproduction. The conclusion hints at a possible convergence between France and Japan, on one side, and China, which remains to be proven. What is certain is that the ongoing transformations of capitalism, leading to increased precarity and threatening the planet, are challenging the ideological foundations of the productivist social compromise and may foster a renewal of class struggles.