Use of force at sea

Maritime law enforcement involves balancing international legal standards with operational needs. This chapter examines the principles guiding the use of force during interdictions, hot pursuit, visit rights and arrests, focusing on necessity, proportionality and legality thresholds. It differentiates between law enforcement actions and armed conflict, as well as various jurisdictional zones. The discussion integrates guidance from the UN Charter, customary law and international court rulings. Case studies include anti-piracy patrols, drug seizures and fisheries enforcement. Special attention is paid to human rights safeguards and legal accountability. The chapter also explores rules of engagement, escalation procedures and coordination among agencies. Ultimately, maritime use of force requires a legal system that ensures security while respecting rights and maintaining order at sea.