Human rights and the law of the sea

Human rights standards are becoming increasingly important in maritime operations, especially regarding interdictions, detentions and vessel boardings. This chapter discusses the obligations of States to safeguard the dignity and rights of individuals at sea, regardless of their status or whereabouts. It references jurisprudence from international tribunals, including cases like M/V Saiga , Norstar and Enrica Lexie , to explore standards related to due process, fair trials and humane treatment. Special focus is given to the rights of seafarers, migrants and detainees. The chapter also examines the limits of extraterritorial jurisdiction and the difficulties of applying land-based human rights frameworks at sea. It advocates for integrated legal strategies that balance maritime security with human rights, ensuring enforcement does not compromise essential humanitarian standards.