Archipelagic waters

Archipelagic States have sovereignty over waters enclosed by legally defined archipelagic baselines connecting their outermost islands. Within these waters, the authority of the coast is similar to that of the territorial sea, but the regime features special elements – especially archipelagic sea lane passage. This navigation system permits foreign ships and aircraft to pass continuously, quickly and without obstruction through designated routes. The chapter explains the technical standards for establishing archipelagic baselines and the practical effects on jurisdiction. It highlights the differences between archipelagic waters and territorial seas, along with the varying rights and obligations. Foreign vessels exercising navigational rights are protected from undue interference, except in cases of threats to peace or security. Overall, the legal framework seeks to balance archipelagic sovereignty with the free flow of international maritime traffic, which is vital for regional stability and global trade.