Cooperation between the KMT and the CPC (1937–1945) and Evolution of Cultural System

In the spring of 1935, Japanese imperialism manufactured the Huabei Incident in China and instigated the so-called “Autonomy of Northern China” with an attempt to occupy China, escalating the Sino-Japanese national contradiction into primary contradiction. The CPC issued the August 1st Declaration on August 1, 1935, expressing its willingness to join forces in the resistance against Japanese aggressors. On July 7, 1937, the “Lugou Bridge Incident (July 7th Incident)” broke out, marking the full-scale Japanese invasion of China. On September 20, Chiang Kai-shek delivered the Lushan Declaration, indicating a firm resolve to fight to the end. On September 22, the Central News Agency of the Kuomintang published the Manifesto of the Communist Party of China on the Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China , drafted by the Central Committee of the CPC, formally establishing the united front against Japan. The transition from past confrontation to united resistance against Japanese aggression by the two parties was quickly reflected in the field of cultural policy, significantly impacting their respective cultural policies.