Hybridizing Instructional Models

Instructional models provide comprehensive, coherent plans often called “blueprints” for teaching that should include a theoretical foundation, clearly stated learning objectives, the teacher’s needed content knowledge expertise, developmentally appropriate and sequenced learning activities, expectations for student and teacher behaviors, unique task structures, measures of learning outcomes, and mechanisms for verifying the faithful implementation to the model itself. Instructional models in physical education have been grouped together with other models, such as curriculum or pedagogical models (see Haerens et al., 2011 ), into the larger context of models-based practice ( Casey and Kirk, 2020 ).