Domain-specific Learning and Remediation of Memory Disorders

This chapter describes the domain-specific learning approach to the remediation of memory disorders. Based on empirical findings of preserved memory functions in amnesic patients, this approach attempts to exploit such intact processes in order to teach patients complex knowledge and tasks relevant in everyday life. Several studies are outlined that illustrate the capability of memory-impaired patients to acquire complex, domain-specific knowledge, using their preserved ability to respond normally to partial cues. Successful acquisition by amnesic patients of new vocabulary, of computer operations, and of data-entry procedures are described. Issues of specificity of learning and problems in transfer are considered empirically and in the context of relevant theoretical ideas. Failures of transfer are shown not to be a consequence of the extensive repetition and overlearning that is required for patients to acquire new information initially. Speculations concerning the characteristics of the memory system or systems that may support learning in amnesic patients are introduced. Finally, implications of the findings for rehabilitation programs are discussed.