Blockchain interoperability in the public sector

This chapter examines the critical role of interoperability in the integration of blockchain technology within public sector services. Despite the growing interest in blockchain as a transformative tool, many initiatives falter due to limited scalability, operational challenges, and regulatory complexities. By focusing on principles such as technological neutrality and pluralism, this research highlights how multi-ledger ecosystems can balance innovation and sustainability. Key strategies for addressing interoperability challenges are explored, including integration with legacy systems, cross-ledger protocols, and decentralized governance models. Case studies, such as the European Blockchain Services Infrastructure (EBSI), demonstrate practical applications of these principles. Additionally, the chapter introduces the Cross-Blockchain Protocol for Public Registries, designed to facilitate seamless interactions across diverse ledger technologies while ensuring legal compliance and scalability. This work underscores the need for adaptable and inclusive blockchain solutions to meet the evolving demands of public administration and foster long-term resilience in digital infrastructure.