A classification of research methods to analyze the evolution of global communication practices

This study presents a context-sensitive classification framework to analyze the evolution of global communication practices, integrating the technology–organization–environment (TOE) model with actor–network theory (ANT) through design science research methodology (DSRM). To address fragmented research methods, it systematically reviews over 20 peer-reviewed articles and collects data through structured interviews and questionnaires with healthcare leaders and policymakers in three developing African nations. The classification maps qualitative, quantitative, mixed, and computational methods to TOE dimensions, offering a structured yet adaptable approach to how innovations, institutional capacities, and environmental factors shape communication strategies. Chi-square analysis assessed information source use among researchers, revealing that methodological plurality is essential for capturing nuanced transformations in global communication practices.