Historical context and influence on innovative management mechanisms in high-tech fintech companies: the case of Sberbank PJSC and TBank JSC

The article analyzes the stages of formation and evolution of financial technologies in Russia from the early 1990s to the present day, based on the historical-genetic method. It examines the factors that contributed to the rapid development of fintech, including the high level of digital literacy among the population, the active introduction of IT solutions in the banking sector, and dynamic changes in the regulatory environment. Based on a comparative analysis, special attention is paid to the role of the largest market players that occupy leading positions in terms of commercial success – Sberbank PJSC and TBank JSC – which demonstrate different approaches to digital transformation: from integrating innovations into traditional infrastructure to building a branchless bank. Using a synthesis method, the paper highlights key technological milestones, such as the launch of the Fast Payment System, the introduction of biometrics, the development of artificial intelligence-based services, and the formation of the digital ruble. It is shown that Russian fintech, despite sanctions and the pursuit of technological sovereignty, continues to be a driver of innovation in the financial sector. The conclusion is made about the importance of further implementation of AI technologies, biometrics, and digital profiles in banking practice, which determines the prospects for sustainable development of the industry.