A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TRISUTRA PRINCIPLES (HETU, LINGA, AUSHADHA) IN CHARAKA, SUSHRUTA, AND ASHTANGA HRIDAYA SAṂHITĀS AND THEIR PARALLELS IN MODERN RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the Trisutra principles—Hetu (causation), Linga (clinical signs), and Aushadha (therapeutics)—as described in the Charaka Saṃhitā, Sushruta Saṃhitā, and Aṣṭāṅga Hridaya. The analysis uses criteria such as definitional clarity, application method, and clinical relevance. Each element is mapped to core components of modern research methodology, including hypothesis development, diagnostic validation, and intervention assessment. The results highlight the alignment between classical Ayurvedic episte-mology and contemporary scientific reasoning. Comparative tables and a conceptual model illustrate how the Trisutra framework parallels the structure of clinical and epidemiological research.