Review of the ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System Standard - Application in Public Organizations and Businesses

This research examines the decisive role of the international standard ISO/IEC 42001 in promoting responsible governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in both the public and private sectors. Through a combination of primary and secondary research, the trends, challenges, and potential applications of the standard are analyzed. The Thematic and Bibliometric Approach (2020–2025) highlights critical areas of use for ISO/IEC 42001, with an emphasis on transparency, risk management, and regulatory compliance. Based on case studies (e.g., Municipality of Thessaloniki, Unique AG) and analysis of secondary sources, key adoption factors are identified, such as technological maturity, human resource expertise, and harmonization with existing management systems. Evidence from the analyzed case studies indicates that the implementation of ISO/IEC 42001 can contribute to a reduction in algorithmic bias of up to 6% and an increase in operational efficiency of up to 30%. In addition, significant gaps in alignment with the European AI Regulation (AI Act) have been identified, which require additional regulatory tools. Ultimately, the study documents the contribution of ISO/IEC 42001 to enhancing transparency and trust in AI systems, while highlighting the need for investment in technological infrastructure and training programs as critical components for its successful adoption.