A Golden Ratio-inspired DGS Multiband Ring Antenna for Next-Generation Wireless Networks

Compact multiband antennas with improved gain are a critical requirement for emerging wireless communication systems operating in the L- and S-band frequency ranges. In this work, a low-profile rectangular microstrip ring antenna is proposed by integrating a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) with a Golden Ratio (GR)-based geometric modification to realize multiband behavior and radiation enhancement. The antenna is excited using a quarter-wavelength microstrip feed and implemented on an FR4 dielectric substrate. Two antenna configurations are examined: a conventional 2-mm rectangular ring antenna incorporating DGS and a golden ratio-scaled rectangular ring antenna with an optimized DGS layout. Numerical simulations and experimental validation confirm that the conventional design exhibits dual resonances at 1.85 and 2.10 GHz with a maximum realized gain of 3.38 dB. In contrast, the golden ratio-inspired configuration supports triple-band operation at 1.52, 1.84, and 2.41 GHz while achieving a substantially higher gain of 7.6 dB. The observed performance enhancement is primarily attributed to the redistribution of surface currents and the modification of effective electrical path lengths induced by the golden ratio geometry in combination with the DGS. A close correlation between simulated and measured results verifies the reliability of the proposed antenna for compact multiband wireless communication applications.