Evaluating Refrigerant Alternatives Using the Weighted Product Model: A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach

This study employed the Weighted Product Method (WPM), a multi-criteria decision-making approach, to evaluate and rank various refrigerants based on multiple criteria, including Global Warming Potential (GWP), Efficiency (Coefficient of Performance - COP), Flammability, Cost, Toxicity, Compatibility, and Availability. The analysis considered five prominent refrigerants: R-290 (Propane), R-32 (Difluoromethane), R-407C (HFC Blend), R-449A (HFO Blend), and R-744 (CO2). By assigning weights to each criterion and normalizing the attribute values, the WPM facilitated a comprehensive assessment of the refrigerants’ performance across these critical factors. The findings revealed a complex interplay of trade-offs, with no single refrigerant emerging as the undisputed optimal choice. R-407C (HFC Blend) secured the highest overall ranking, closely followed by R-449A (HFO Blend) and R-32 (Difluoromethane). However, each refrigerant exhibited unique strengths and limitations, underscoring the importance of tailoring the selection to specific application requirements and priorities. Notably, refrigerants like R-290 (Propane) and R-744 (CO2) demonstrated exceptional performance in terms of low GWP, aligning with environmental sustainability goals. Conversely, refrigerants such as R-32 (Difluoromethane) and R-449A (HFO Blend) excelled in energy efficiency, offering potential operational cost savings and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The study highlights the multifaceted nature of refrigerant selection, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that considers environmental impact, energy efficiency, safety, cost, and practical constraints. Ongoing research and industry collaboration will be crucial in developing and optimizing refrigerant solutions that meet the evolving needs of diverse applications while aligning with global sustainability objectives.