Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for neuroblastoma

High-risk neuroblastoma requires intensive multimodal therapy, and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT) remains a key component of consolidation treatment. This consensus document updates the 2021 Brazilian recommendations for neuroblastoma transplantation, focusing on indications, eligibility criteria, conditioning regimens, and the role of single versus tandem auto-HCT. Post-transplant consolidation strategies, including radiotherapy, isotretinoin, and anti-GD2 immunotherapy, as well as transplant-related toxicities and follow-up, are reviewed. The role of transplantation in relapsed or refractory disease is also addressed. These recommendations aim to support standardized, evidence-based management of children with high-risk neuroblastoma in the Brazilian setting.