Harmonization of Customs Procedurs in the Interaction of Transport Modes as a Factor for Enhancing the Efficiency of Multimodal Logistics Chains

Conceptual approaches to organizing the customs clearance of goods transported along a multimodal route have been defined in the paper. The purpose of the research is to analyze the current state of organizing and conducting customs operations in Ukraine, identify bottlenecks in customs service, substantiate the specifics of performing customs operations in multimodal transport, and develop recommendations for their unification. The article examines the current state of the organization of customs operations in Ukraine, which is characterized by increased transparency and the active implementation of digital tools. It is proven that the implementation of the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) institution and the successful application of the NCTS technology have become key steps in integrating the domestic customs system with the European one. At the same time, emphasis is placed on the need for further deep unification of customs procedures to ensure the efficient operation of multimodal transport networks. To achieve continuity in the multimodal supply chain, it is proposed to carry out regulatory and procedural integration through the implementation of a global electronic document and an end-to-end AEO status, as well as to interconnect databases using artificial intelligence and blockchain. The infrastructural basis for such innovations should be the development of a network of modern multimodal terminals and “dry ports” functioning as customs hubs. Measures are proposed to unify customs operations during the interaction of transport modes in multimodal traffic, which will help eliminate barriers and duplication, as well as reduce transshipment time at transport hubs.