Pattern Formation in an Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction-Diffusion System on Complex Networks: The Coupling Mechanism of Topology and Dynamics

This paper examines spatiotemporal dynamics in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction-diffusion system on complex networks. A generalized model with specific nonlinear reaction terms is developed. Analysis of the homogeneous system determines multiple equilibrium existence and stability, identifies bistability regions, and proves subcritical Hopf bifurcation occurrence. For network systems, conditions for Turing instability, Hopf bifurcation, and Turing-Hopf bifurcation are established using a theoretical framework incorporating network Laplacian eigenvalues. Numerical simulations demonstrate network average degree regulates pattern formation, with intermediate connectivity promoting spatiotemporal patterns while sparse or dense connectivity suppresses them. Identification of Turing-Hopf bifurcation points reveals interactions between temporal oscillations and spatial patterning. This work provides theoretical and numerical foundations for understanding network topology effects on biochemical pattern formation.