An actuator line simulation of wind turbine wake with linear upwind stabilizedtransport scheme

The wake interactions between wind turbines in large wind farms significantly impact optimal layout and power generation.Therefore, it is crucial to accurate prediction of turbine wake development.In this study, we utilize Large Eddy Simulation (LES) coupled with the actuator line method to investigate the flow of wakes downstream of a scaled wind turbine model and the NREL 5MW turbine.To improve the accuracy of wake simulations, we propose a novel difference scheme called the linear upwind stabilized transport (LUST) scheme, which we compare to the second-order central and upwind schemes.Our results demonstrate that the LUST scheme provides proper numerical dissipation for wind turbine wake simulations, leading to improve accuracy in predicting mean velocity and turbulent intensity when compared to experimental measurements.Furthermore, the LES results indicate that the dissipation introduced by the LUST scheme stabilizes numerical simulations while still capturing small scales in the flow field.These findings highlight the effectiveness of the LUST scheme in accurately simulating wind turbine wakes and emphasize the importance of proper numerical dissipation in obtaining reliable results.