Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Hybrid Solar-Ground Source Heat Pump Systems:Integrating Exergy, and Environmental Assessments

Solar ground source heat pump systems offer a sustainable solution that reduces energy consumption and environmental impact.This study develops an integrated solar ground source heat pump system, evaluating its exergy and environmental impacts.Results show that the exergy efficiency is 49.16%, with a total exergy destruction of 111.43 kW.The environmental impact is greatest during construction, followed by usage, disposal, and maintenance.This study provides valuable insights for optimizing renewable energy integration in building systems and serves as a guide for the design of similar energy-efficient projects.