A Two-Layer Energy Management Framework for Manufacturing PlantsConsidering Dynamics Carbon Emission Factors

The operation of manufacturing plants (MPs) results in considerable energy consumption and carbon emissions.Existing studies typically adopt static carbon emission factors when estimating the carbon footprints of MPs, overlooking their spatiotemporal variability across different nodes of the power distribution network (DN).Thus, in this paper, we propose a two-layer energy management framework that explicitly accounts for dynamic carbon emission factors to achieve coordinated low-carbon operation between the DN and MPs.In the proposed framework, the upper-level model formulates an electricity-carbon sharing problem among MPs, aiming to achieve cooperative utilization of renewable energy and carbon allowances while minimizing the total operation cost.The lower-level model addresses the optimal power flow of the DN, where the carbon emission flow (CEF) theory is employed to calculate the node-level carbon emission factors.These factors are then integrated with locational marginal prices (LMPs) to construct an electricity-carbon integrated pricing mechanism, which dynamically guides the upper-level energy scheduling and sharing decisions of MPs.Case studies demonstrate that the proposed two-layer energy management framework can effectively reduce both operation costs and carbon emissions for MPs.