Traumatic Dental Injuries: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention, Care and Rehabilitation

Aims: To comprehensively review the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentations, complications and management strategies for Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs), with a focus on permanent dentition. The aim is to consolidate current evidence and guidelines to aid clinicians in prevention, diagnosis, treatment and long-term rehabilitation of dental trauma. Methods: This literature review synthesized recent literature, including international guidelines (e.g., IADT), epidemiological studies and clinical management protocols. Peer-reviewed articles from major dental trauma journals and consensus documents were reviewed to outline classification, risk factors, immediate and long-term management and preventive strategies for TDIs. Special attention was given to permanent dentition and age-specific considerations. Results: TDIs occur most frequently in children aged 0–10 and decrease significantly with age. Falls, sports injuries and accidents are leading causes of dental trauma in the permanent dentition. Injuries range from mild concussions to severe avulsions and fractures, each requiring tailored management. Delayed or inappropriate treatment can lead to pulpal necrosis, root resorption, malocclusion or psychological effects such as dental anxiety and reduced quality of life. Preventive measures like mouthguards, education and policy change were shown to be effective. Conclusion: Traumatic dental injuries present a significant clinical and public health challenge, especially in young populations. Early diagnosis and evidence-based management are crucial for minimizing complications. A multidisciplinary and preventive approach—incorporating clinical care, patient education and public policy—is essential for improving patient outcomes and long-term oral health.