Therapeutic approach to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the great macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis)

The present study aimed to discuss the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in birds, addressing cranial and cerebellar anatomy, followed by the description of the central and peripheral nervous system, the pairs of cranial nerves, exposure of various types of injuries, assessment of levels of consciousness using the ADLN scale and the Glasgow scale. A specimen of Maracanã-nobre (Diopsittaca nobilis) was treated at a private clinic. The bird showed signs of moderate Glasgow suggestive in 10. After initiation of treatment with mannitol infusion at a dose of 10 mL/kg, morphine 2 mg/kg (IM), oxygen therapy 3 L/h and warming in UTA to 31.5 °C, the bird showed an important improvement in the stabilization of its main functions. After 96 hours of hospitalization and other interventions, the patient showed completely satisfactory improvement. Studies on neuropathies involving traumatic brain injury in bird medicine require greater technical knowledge, therefore, there needs to be more research aimed at better protocols and diagnostic methods in the treatment so that there is an increase in the survival of these patients.