Fisheries compensation and climate responsibility in China: research on legislative design based on the jurisprudential basis of “state responsibility and corporate responsibility”

Climate change–induced disruptions to marine ecosystems present profound challenges to the sustainable development of global fisheries. As a critical governance mechanism for reconciling ecological conservation with socioeconomic interests, the fishery compensation system must be strategically integrated with climate responsibility frameworks to ensure long-term sustainability. Building on an analysis of China’s current practices and identified institutional gaps in fishery compensation and climate accountability, this study employs the legal framework of “state responsibility and corporate responsibility” as its core analytical lens. It systematically examines the state’s primary obligations in climate adaptation, institutional design, and international cooperation, alongside enterprises’ direct responsibilities in lawful fishing operations, ecological restoration, and compensation for environmental harm. The study further proposes an institutional pathway grounded in stratified responsibilities, collaborative governance, and legislative safeguards. This integrated framework offers robust theoretical insights and actionable policy recommendations to refine the supporting regulations of China’s Fisheries Law and Marine Environmental Protection Law, align domestic measures with international fisheries governance standards, and strengthen the climate resilience of fishery ecosystems.