A Hybrid Model–Based Concept Analysis of Loneliness among Older Adults in South Korea

This study aimed to clarify the concept of loneliness among Korean older adults.It used a hybrid model-based conceptual analysis that integrates theoretical and empirical perspectives.Although loneliness in later life has been widely studied, existing conceptualizations lack grounding in culturally specific and age-related contexts.In the theoretical phase, Korean studies on loneliness published since 2010 were systematically reviewed.In-depth individual and group interviews with 21 communitydwelling older adults aged 65 years and older.Interview data were analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis (DQICA).Loneliness among Korean older adults was conceptualized as a culturally embedded and multidimensional experience.It is shaped by relational loss, social disconnection, and culturally grounded meanings of self, role, and belonging.Findings were organized into three domains: attributes of loneliness, contributing factors, and responses to loneliness.Through DQICA, loss of authority and perceived burdensomeness were newly identified as social contributing factors.Forming warm human relationships was newly identified as a response to loneliness.By providing the first hybrid model-based conceptual analysis of loneliness in this population, this study advances theoretical understanding.It offers a foundation for future measurement development and culturally sensitive nursing interventions aimed at promoting the well-being of Korean older adults.