Invasive Hydatidiform Mole: A Rare Complication of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. Case Report

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders arising from abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue. Invasive hydatidiform mole is an uncommon but potentially serious complication, characterized by myometrial invasion and, rarely, metastatic spread. Early diagnosis is essential due to its high curability with appropriate management. Case presentation: 34-year-old primigravida who presented with abdominal pain, amenorrhea, severe anemia, and markedly elevated β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a heterogeneous endometrial mass with cystic areas, and magnetic resonance imaging suggested invasive trophoblastic disease. Due to the risk of uterine complications, total abdominal hysterectomy was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of invasive hydatidiform mole without evidence of extrauterine spread. Conclusion: Invasive hydatidiform mole, although rare, should be suspected in patients with persistently elevated or rising β-hCG levels following molar pregnancy. Strict post-evacuation surveillance and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial to prevent delayed diagnosis and ensure favorable outcomes.