Efectos del entrenamiento excéntrico vs entrenamiento neuromuscular sobre la prevención de lesiones en jugadores de fútbol: una revisión sistemática

Introduction. The high level of competition in soccer and its increasing number of games per season contribute to a high prevalence of injuries in the sport. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to determine the effects of neuromuscular training versus eccentric training on muscle injuries in soccer players. Methods. To do this, searches were conducted in three databases between February and April 2024, selecting only randomized controlled trials that included interventions based on Nordic exercises or eccentric hamstring exercises, plyometric exercises, or neuromuscular jump exercises. Results. A total of 21 studies were included in the analysis, involving male and female players of different ages and levels of competition. The findings indicate that eccentric and neuromuscular exercises are effective in reducing the probability of injuries in soccer players, regardless of their level of play, sex, or age. However, more notable results were observed in male soccer players and, in particular, in highly trained athletes. Conclusion. Finally, it is also concluded that eccentric exercises favor a reduction in the incidence of hamstring injuries, while neuromuscular training favors a reduction in injuries specifically affecting the knee, including knee and ankle sprains.