Tendencias del entrenamiento pliométrico y el rendimiento físico en el fútbol: una revisión sistemática

Introduction: Plyometric training is widely used in football due to its contribution to improvements in muscular power, speed, and neuromuscular performance. However, the diversity of existing protocols makes it necessary to systematically analyse their effects on performance and injury prevention. Objective: To describe the scientific literature on the effects of plyometric training programmes and combined plyometric-based programmes on the physical performance of football players. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The initial search identified 406 studies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 92 articles were assessed at the full-text level. Finally, 13 studies were included in the analysis. Results: Plyometric training programmes showed different levels of effectiveness depending on the type of intervention, programme duration, and the characteristics of the athletes. Most studies reported significant improvements in sprint speed and vertical jump performance. Likewise, some programmes showed positive effects on agility and anaerobic power, as well as a reduction in the incidence of injuries during the season. Conclusions: The scientific evidence allows the conclusion that plyometric training is an effective strategy to improve physical performance in football players, particularly in vertical jump performance and anaerobic power. In addition, its appropriate implementation may contribute to injury prevention and to the prolongation of the sporting career.