Optimizing triple jump performance and knee biomechanics in junior figure skaters: a longitudinal evaluation of rotational harness training in Kazakhstan

Introduction: Triple jumps are essential for competitive progression in junior figure skating but impose high mechanical loads on the knee, increasing the risk of overuse injuries. This study evaluated the long-term effects of rotational harness training on landing biomechanics, technical progression, knee health, and psychological readiness in adolescent skaters. Methodology: Twenty-eight female athletes aged 11–15 years were randomly assigned to a harness group (n = 14) or a control group (n = 14) and followed for 36 months. Monthly assessments included ground reaction force (GRF), knee flexion angle, rotational velocity (RPM), clinical imaging, and psychological ratings. Results: The harness group demonstrated significantly lower peak GRF (5.6 ± 0.9 vs. 7.3 ± 1.2 × body weight, p < .001), greater knee flexion (35.2° ± 4.1° vs. 29.8° ± 5.3°, p = .006), and higher RPM (412 ± 22 vs. 338 ± 30, p < .001). Triple-jump mastery occurred earlier in the harness group (13.5 ± 0.4 vs. 14.1 ± 0.5 years, p = .002). Psychological outcomes favored the harness group, with higher perceived stability, greater confidence, and lower fear of injury (all p < .001). Knee pathology incidence was lower in the harness group (2 vs. 6 cases), although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: These findings suggest that rotational harness training enhances technical performance and psychological readiness while reducing biomechanical risk factors for knee injury. Incorporating harness-based protocols into youth development programs may improve safety and accelerate skill acquisition in figure skating.