Utilization of Black Soldier Fly Larvae as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Diets: Effects on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Color Intensity

HistoryBlack soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) represent a viable, sustainable protein source for aquaculture.However, its application in ornamental species, such as koi carp, which are economically vital, requires species-specific responses to maintain market value.This study aimed to investigate the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and color intensity of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed black soldier fly larvae at 0, 25, 50, and 75% of the diet instead of fish meal.The carp were conducted with a treatment diet in glass tanks for 60 days.The research concluded that black soldier fly larvae can substitute fishmeal in carp diets.However, koi carp fed a meal supplemented with over 50% black soldier fly larvae had significantly lower final body weight, average weight increase, and average daily growth rate (P