Identification of Differential Expression of the FTSH Gene Family to Produce Heatresilient Cotton Cultivar (Upland Cotton) for Sustainable Agriculture

HistoryCotton is one of the major crops, and is crucial for the textile industry.Cotton is susceptible to various abiotic stresses, including heat stress.The Filamentous Thermosensitive (FTSH) gene family in plants encompasses a group of genes that are integral to the cellular response to heat stress.A total of 110 FTSH genes were identified across three cotton species: Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum, and Gossypium raimondii.The genomic structure, evolutionary relationships, and functional implications of these genes were analyzed using advanced bioinformatics tools.Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the integrity of the extracted DNA, ensuring the reliability of the analysis.The key genes with differential expression were identified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).To validate the identified candidate genes (GH_A01G0236.1,GH_A01G1045.1,GH_DO1G0225.1, and GH_DO1G1085.1),a qRT-PCR analysis was performed.The results showed that all of the genes were upregulated, but the GH_DO1G0225.1 gene exhibited higher differential expression.The fold expression of the GH_DO1G0225.1 gene was found to be 8-fold higher than the control.This research represents a significant step in characterizing FTSH gene function in cotton and demonstrates its potential in conferring heat resistance.The findings contribute to the development of heatresilient cotton cultivars, offering promising applications for sustainable agriculture.