The Potential of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) Extract in Enhancing Reproductive Performance in Mice (Mus musculus)

HistoryPassion fruit (Passiflora edulis) contains bioactive antioxidants such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and vitamin C, which are believed to support testicular function and protect germ cells from oxidative stress.This study aimed to examine the effects of P. edulis extract on reproductive parameters in male mice, including sperm quality, testicular morphology, testosterone levels, and histological features related to spermatogenesis.Twenty-four adult male mice were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three treatment groups receiving 100, 200, and 400mg/kg body weight of P. edulis extract for 28 days.Sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were evaluated, followed by measurements of testicular weight, diameter, and volume.Serum testosterone levels were analyzed, and testicular tissues were processed for histology using the Johnsen scoring system and a spermatogenic index.The findings showed that the extract produced a general improvement across several reproductive parameters.Although not all differences were statistically significant, mice in the treatment groups tended to exhibit higher sperm concentration and motility compared to controls.A marked reduction in sperm abnormalities was observed at the highest dosage.Histological evaluation revealed more organized seminiferous tubules, thicker germinal epithelium, and a greater presence of mature spermatozoa in the treated groups.These observations were consistent with increased Johnsen scores and spermatogenic indices, suggesting enhanced germ cell development.The overall pattern indicates that the antioxidant components of P. edulis help maintain testicular architecture and support spermatogenesis.In conclusion, the Passiflora edulis extract shows potential as a natural supplement to improve male reproductive performance, although further studies are needed to clarify its molecular mechanisms.