Methods for Optimizing Microclimate Parameters in Barns for Cattle in Kazakhstan

This study provides the first region-specific evidence that supports the adoption of climate-optimized livestock housing systems in Kazakhstan and similar continental regions.The study is an integrated evaluation of microclimate optimization in cattle barns in Kazakhstan, which has a continental climate.The study was conducted from March 2024 to February 2025 across three dairy and beef production systems (farms) with populations ranging from 2500 to 3500.It used an elaborate methodology that involved structural insulation, improved ventilation, humidity control, and optimized lighting.The environmental parameters, including temperature, humidity, NH3, CO2, air velocity, and indicators of animal productivity, such as milk yield, live weight, and the incidence of respiratory disease, were measured throughout the study period.Findings showed a significant reduction in barn temperatures, humidity, and ammonia levels.These gains were linked to increases in milk production (15-17%), live weight (17-20%), and reductions in respiratory disease, among others (33-40%).Economic analysis showed that payback periods were short and profitability in all facilities was high.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between barn temperature and milk yield (r=0.82) and a negative correlation between humidity and respiratory diseases (r=-0.65).Taken together, these results support the idea that even low-cost, easy-to-implement environmental changes can enhance the welfare and productivity of animals, as well as the profitability of farms.