Treatment of rare systemic lupus erythematosus manifestations: Recommendations of international expert group (ERN ReCONNET, SLICC, SLEuro)

Existing guidelines for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mainly include issues related to common clinical manifestations. This review presents some rare manifestations of SLE caused by damage to the nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, heart, skin, some types of vasculitis, hematological disorders, and clinical guidelines for the treatment of 24 rare manifestations developed by an international group of experts. The international group included 119 specialists from three SLE expert groups: the European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN ReCONNET), the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics group (SLICC), and the European Lupus Society (SLEuro). These consensus expert recommendations can serve as a basis for choosing a therapy in cases where current recommendations are insufficient or inapplicable.